Full Stack Development Course – Beginner Notes

“Code Your Future: Full Stack Web Development for Beginners 🎓”

Chapter-1 Web Development Fundamentals: Your First Step into the Digital World 🌍 🎉

Introduction: What is Web Development? 🤔

Web development is the process of creating websites and web applications that people can use on the internet. It’s like building a house 🏠—you need a blueprint (design), materials (HTML, CSS, JavaScript), and workers (developers) to bring it to life!

Why is Web Development Important?

Global Reach 🌍 – Websites connect people worldwide.
Business Growth 📈 – Every company needs a website to grow online.
Convenience ✅ – Shopping, learning, and entertainment are just a click away!
Career Opportunities 💼 – High demand for web developers in the job market.

Types of Web Development:

Front-End Development (Client-Side) – Everything users see on the website (colors, buttons, layout). Example: Designing an online store like Amazon 🛍️.
Back-End Development (Server-Side) – Handles data, logic, and security. Example: Processing orders in an e-commerce site 🛒.
Full-Stack Development – A combination of both! Example: Creating a blog with both design and database features ✍️.

Welcome to the world of Full Stack Development! In this course, we will learn how websites are created from scratch. Think of building a website like preparing a delicious meal 🥘. You need ingredients (HTML, CSS, JS), a recipe (frameworks), and a chef (developer) to cook it all together!

1. Overview of Web Design Concepts 🖥️

A website is like a digital shop or home. Just like a physical store has a layout, colors, and decorations, a website also needs a good design to be attractive and user-friendly.

Key Points:

User Experience (UX): How easy and enjoyable a website is for visitors.
User Interface (UI): The look and feel of the website.
Responsive Design: The website should look good on computers, tablets, and mobile phones 📱.
Consistency: Just like using the same color for a theme party 🎈, your website should have a uniform color scheme and font style.

2. Web Project Management Fundamentals 📋

Creating a website is like organizing an event. You need a plan, a team, and a timeline to complete the work efficiently.

Steps for Project Management:

Planning – Decide what the website will be about (just like choosing a party theme 🎊).
Designing – Create the structure and layout (like setting up decorations 🏡).
Development – Start coding and building the website (like preparing food 🍕).
Testing – Check if everything is working fine (like tasting the food before serving 🥄).
Launch & Maintenance – Publish the website and fix any future issues (like hosting a party and cleaning up later 🎉).

3. Web Site Development Process 🚀

The website-building process has different stages:

Requirement Gathering – Understanding the needs.
Wireframing & Prototyping – Sketching how the website will look.
Front-end Development – Building the visible parts (HTML, CSS, JS).
Back-end Development – Connecting databases and logic.
Testing & Deployment – Making the website live!

4. HTML and the Evolution of Markup Languages 📄

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the backbone of a website. It’s like the skeleton of a human body! 🦴

Evolution of HTML:

HTML1.0 (1991) – Basic text and links.
HTML2.0 (1995) – Improved forms and images.
HTML3.2 (1997) – Tables and scripting.
HTML4.01 (1999) – More multimedia elements.
HTML5 (2014) – Modern features like video, animations, and mobile compatibility 🎥.

5. HTML Basic Tags 🔖

HTML tags are like ingredients in a recipe 🍲.

<html> – The outer structure.
<head> – Information about the webpage.
<title> – The name that appears on the browser tab.
<body> – The main content area.
<h1> to <h6> – Headings (titles in different sizes).
<p> – Paragraphs.
<img> – Images.
<a> – Links.

6. Web Page Layout and Elements 🏗️

A web page is divided into sections:

Header – The top section (like a shop name board 🏪).
Navigation Bar – Links to different pages (like menu items in a restaurant 🍽️).
Main Content – The main body (the actual food served 🍛).
Footer – The bottom part with contact info (like a restaurant bill receipt 🧾).

7. Creating Hyperlinks 🔗

Links help users move between pages, just like roads connect different places 🚗.

Internal Links – Linking to another page on the same website.
External Links – Linking to a different website.

Syntax:

<a href="https://example.com">Click Here</a>

8. Creating Tables 📊

Tables help organize information, just like a seating chart at a wedding 💒.

Example:

<table>
  <tr>
    <th>Name</th>
    <th>Age</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>John</td>
    <td>25</td>
  </tr>
</table>

9. Creating Web Forms 📝

Forms are used for user input, just like filling out an order form at a restaurant 📝.

Example:

<form>
  <label for="name">Name:</label>
  <input type="text" id="name" name="name">
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

10. Image Inserting Techniques 🖼️

To add images:

<img src="image.jpg" alt="A beautiful view">

Just like adding pictures to a photo album 📸.

11. Creating Frames 🖥️

Frames allow multiple web pages to be displayed on one screen (less common now). Example:

http://page.html

Like watching a video inside another website 🎥.

12. GUI HTML Editors 🛠️

Instead of writing code manually, you can use GUI (Graphical User Interface) editors like:

Adobe Dreamweaver
Visual Studio Code
Brackets

13. Site Content and Metadata 📜

Metadata is like writing notes about a book 📖.

Example:

<meta name="description" content="Learn Full Stack Development!">

It helps search engines understand what your site is about 🔍.

HTML Basics: Comments, Text Formatting, and More! 😊

📌 1. How to Write Comments in HTML?

A comment is a piece of text in the code that is not displayed on the webpage. It is only for developers to understand the code.

📝 How to write a comment in HTML?

<!-- This is a comment in HTML -->
<p>This text will be displayed.</p>
<!-- The comment above will not appear on the webpage -->

✅ Use comments to:
✔ Explain code for future reference.
✔ Temporarily disable parts of the code for testing.

📌 2. Basic Text Formatting in HTML

HTML provides several ways to format text to make it bold, italic, underlined, centered, and styled.

Tag	Description	Example
`<b>`	Bold Text	`<b>Bold Text</b>`
`<i>`	Italic Text	`<i>Italic Text</i>`
`<u>`	Underlined Text	`<u>Underlined Text</u>`
`<mark>`	Highlighted Text	`<mark>Highlighted</mark>`
`<small>`	Small-sized text	`<small>Small text</small>`
`<sub>`	Subscript text	`H<sub>2</sub>O` (H₂O)
`<sup>`	Superscript text	`10<sup>2</sup>` (10²)
`<center>`	Center-align text (Deprecated)	`<center>Centered Text</center>`
`<br>`	Line Break (New Line)	`Line 1<br>Line 2`
`<hr>`	Horizontal Line	`<hr>`

📌 3. Text Formatting with Colors and Borders

We can style text using CSS inside the <style> tag or an inline style inside the HTML tag.

Example: Applying Colors, Borders, and Center Alignment

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Text Styling Example</title>
    <style>
        .bold-text {
            font-weight: bold;
            color: blue;
        }
        .centered-text {
            text-align: center;
            font-size: 20px;
        }
        .bordered-text {
            border: 2px solid black;
            padding: 10px;
            display: inline-block;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

    <p class="bold-text">This is bold and blue text.</p>

    <p class="centered-text">This text is centered.</p>

    <p class="bordered-text">This text has a border.</p>

</body>
</html>

📌 4. How to Add Colors in HTML?

There are 3 ways to add colors in HTML:
1️⃣ By Name → color: red;
2️⃣ By HEX Code → color: #ff5733;
3️⃣ By RGB Value → color: rgb(255, 87, 51);

Example: Different Color Methods

<p style="color: red;">This is red text.</p>
<p style="color: #00ff00;">This is green text.</p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">This is blue text.</p>

📌 5. Adding Borders to Elements

You can add borders around text or elements using CSS.

Example: Different Border Styles

<p style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 10px;">Solid Border</p>
<p style="border: 2px dashed red; padding: 10px;">Dashed Border</p>
<p style="border: 2px dotted blue; padding: 10px;">Dotted Border</p>

✅ Border Properties in CSS:
✔ solid → Normal line
✔ dashed → Dashes
✔ dotted → Dots
✔ double → Two lines

📌 6. How to Center Text and Elements?

To center-align text, use the CSS text-align: center; property.

Example: Centering a Heading

<h2 style="text-align: center;">This is a Centered Heading</h2>

✅ For centering a box or div:
Use margin: auto; and display: block;

<div style="width: 300px; margin: auto; text-align: center; border: 2px solid black; padding: 10px;">
    Centered Box
</div>

📌 7. Adding Background Colors

You can change the background color of text or the entire page.

Example: Background Colors

<p style="background-color: yellow;">This text has a yellow background.</p>

To change the entire webpage background:

<body style="background-color: lightgray;">

📢 Summary & Tips

Feature	HTML Tag / CSS Property	Usage
Bold Text	`<b>` or `font-weight: bold;`	Emphasize words
Italic Text	`<i>` or `font-style: italic;`	Stylish text
Underline	`<u>` or `text-decoration: underline;`	Underlining text
Color	`color: red;`	Changing text color
Border	`border: 2px solid black;`	Adding borders
Centering	`text-align: center;`	Aligning text in the center
Background	`background-color: yellow;`	Changing background color

🎉 Congratulations! You now have a solid foundation in web development. Keep practicing and have fun coding! 🚀

First Experiment for Web Development Students 🎯

Experiment 1: Creating Your First Web Page! 🖥️

The first experiment should be a simple “Hello, World!” webpage using HTML. This will introduce students to the basic structure of a web page, and they will learn how to create and view a webpage using an online code editor.

How to Check and Run HTML Programs Online

Before starting, let’s see how you can write and test HTML programs without installing any software.

Using Online Code Editors ✍️

Instead of installing software, beginners can use online editors like:

CodePen – Great for HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. (https://codepen.io/)

JSFiddle – A handy online playground for front-end coding. (https://jsfiddle.net/)

Replit – Supports multiple programming languages including HTML. (https://replit.com/)

W3Schools TryIt Editor – Beginner-friendly testing tool. (https://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_default)

PlayCode – Simple and fast online compiler for front-end coding. (https://playcode.io/)

Steps to Run HTML Code Online

Using W3Schools TryIt Editor (Easiest for Beginners)

Open W3Schools TryIt Editor.
You’ll see a split screen: Left side (code editor) and Right side (preview).
Delete the existing code and write your own HTML code.
Click Run ▶️ to see the output instantly.

Using CodePen

Go to CodePen.io.
Click on Create a New Pen.
You’ll see three sections: HTML, CSS, and JS.
Type your HTML code in the HTML section.
The preview updates automatically! 🎉

Experiment List from Scratch 🛠️

Here’s a list of experiments that progress from basic to advanced:

Creating Your First Web Page (Hello World using HTML)
Adding Headings, Paragraphs, and Line Breaks (Basic text formatting)
Using Lists in HTML (Ordered & Unordered Lists)
Creating Hyperlinks (Linking web pages)
Adding Images to a Web Page (Image tags and attributes)
Creating Tables in HTML (Structuring tabular data)
Building Forms for User Input (Form elements like text boxes, buttons)
Creating a Multi-Page Website (Connecting multiple pages)
Using CSS to Style a Web Page (Introduction to CSS)
Creating a Simple Login Form (Combining HTML & CSS)

Experiment 1: Creating Your First Web Page 🌐

Objective:

To understand the basic structure of an HTML document.
To create a simple webpage that displays “Hello, World!”.

Level-1 Code Example:

Write this code in an online HTML editor and run it.

<!DOCTYPE html>  <!-- Defines the document type and HTML version -->
<html>  
<head>  
    <title>My First Web Page</title>  <!-- Title displayed on the browser tab -->
</head>  
<body>  
    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>  <!-- Main heading -->
    <p>Welcome to my first web page.</p>  <!-- Paragraph text -->
</body>  
</html>

Explanation of the Code:

<!DOCTYPE html> → Tells the browser this is an HTML5 document.
<html> → The root element of the webpage.
<head> → Contains meta-information about the page (like title, styles).
<title> → Sets the title that appears on the browser tab.
<body> → Contains the main content of the webpage.
<h1> → A heading (bigger text, usually used as a title).
<p> → A paragraph of text.

Expected Output:

After running the above code in an online editor, the webpage will display:

Hello, World!

(in big bold text as a heading)

Welcome to my first web page.
(in normal text as a paragraph)

Next Steps:

✔ Try modifying the text inside <h1> and <p> to see the changes.
✔ Change the title inside <title> and notice the browser tab update.
✔ Add another paragraph using <p> and check the result.

Level-2: Enhancing the Student Information Page 🚀

📌 Understanding the Structure of an HTML Page

📌 Experiment List: Step-by-Step Learning

Level-2 Part	Concept Introduced	New Elements Used
Part-1	Creating Your First Web Page	`<html>`, `<head>`, `<title>`, `<body>`
Part-2	Adding Headings, Paragraphs, and Line Breaks	`<h1> - <h6>`, `<p>`, `<br>`
Part-3	Using Lists in HTML	`<ul>`, `<ol>`, `<li>`
Part-4	Creating Hyperlinks	`<a href="">`
Part-5	Adding Images to a Web Page	`<img src="">`, `alt` attribute
Part-6	Creating Tables in HTML	`<table>`, `<tr>`, `<td>`, `<th>`
Part-7	Building Forms for User Input	`<form>`, `<input>`, `<label>`, `<button>`
Part-8	Creating a Multi-Page Website	Linking multiple HTML pages
Part-9	Using CSS to Style a Web Page	`color`, `font-family`, `background-color`, `padding`
Part-10	Creating a Simple Login Form	Combining HTML & CSS with `<form>`

Before diving into the experiments, let’s understand the basic parts of an HTML document and their roles:

<!DOCTYPE html> → Declares that the document follows HTML5 standards.
<html> → The root element that contains all the webpage content.
<head> → The metadata section, which includes:
- <meta charset="UTF-8"> → Defines character encoding for supporting all text types.
- <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> → Ensures the page is mobile-friendly.
- <title> → Defines the name shown on the browser tab.
- <style> → Contains CSS rules to style the webpage.
<body> → Contains the visible content of the page (text, images, etc.).

📢 Important Rules:

<title> must always be inside <head> and should be unique.

The <head> section must be placed before the <body>.

The <style> tag is written inside <head> for inline CSS.

lets divide the level-2 programs in 5 parts and see how to enhance them. Following table shows the programs explained in 5 parts for level-2

Level-2 Part	New Elements Used	Purpose
Part-1	Basic HTML	Display simple text
Part-2	`text-align`	Centering text
Part-3	`color`	Changing text color
Part-4	`background-color`, `border`, `padding`	Adding styles and structure
Part-5	`font-family`, `text-shadow`, `box-shadow`	Enhancing readability

📌 Part-1: Basic HTML Structure (Black & White)

<!DOCTYPE html> <!-- Declares the document type as HTML5 -->
<html lang="en"> <!-- Opens the root HTML tag and specifies the language as English -->
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8"> <!-- Defines character encoding for text -->
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <!-- Makes the page responsive -->
    <title>Student Information</title> <!-- Sets the title on the browser tab -->
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to BIGCE!</h1> <!-- Displays the main heading -->
    <p><strong>Student Name:</strong> John Doe</p> <!-- Displays student name -->
    <p><strong>College Name:</strong> BIGCE</p> <!-- Displays college name -->
    <p><strong>Department:</strong> Computer Engineering</p> <!-- Displays department name -->
</body>
</html>

How to Use This Code

Replace “John Doe” with your name inside <p> tags.
Run the code in any online HTML editor like CodePen.
The webpage will display your name along with the college name and department.

Explanation of the Code

<h1> → Displays “Welcome to BIGCE!”.
<p><strong>Student Name:</strong> John Doe</p> → Students replace "John Doe" with their actual name inside the code.
<p><strong>College Name:</strong> BIGCE</p> → Displays the college name.
<p><strong>Department:</strong> Computer Engineering</p> → Displays the department name.

Expected Output (After Editing the Name)

Welcome to BIGCE!

Student Name: Alice Johnson
College Name: BIGCE
Department: Computer Engineering

📌 Part-2: Centering the Text 🏛️

👉 Concept Introduced: CSS text-align: center;

Code Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Student Information</title>
    <style>
        body {
            text-align: center; /* Centers all text on the page */
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to BIGCE!</h1>
    <p><strong>Student Name:</strong> John Doe</p>
    <p><strong>College Name:</strong> BIGCE</p>
    <p><strong>Department:</strong> Computer Engineering</p>
</body>
</html>

💡 What Changed?

Added a <style> section inside <head>.
Used text-align: center; to make all text appear at the center.

📌 Part-3: Adding Colors to the Text 🎨

👉 Concept Introduced: CSS color property

Code Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Student Information</title>
    <style>
        body {
            text-align: center; /* Centers all content */
        }
        h1 {
            color: black; /* Keeps heading in black */
        }
        p {
            color: blue; /* Makes paragraph text blue */
        }
        strong {
            color: red; /* Makes bold labels red */
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to BIGCE!</h1>
    <p><strong>Student Name:</strong> John Doe</p>
    <p><strong>College Name:</strong> BIGCE</p>
    <p><strong>Department:</strong> Computer Engineering</p>
</body>
</html>

💡 What Changed?

Made labels (strong elements) red.
Changed the main text (p elements) to blue.
Kept the heading (h1) black.

📌 Part-4: Adding Background Color & Border 🎨🖼️

👉 Concept Introduced: CSS background-color & border

Code Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Student Information</title>
    <style>
        body {
            text-align: center;
            background-color: lightgray; /* Changes background color */
        }
        h1 {
            background-color: yellow; /* Highlights heading */
            padding: 10px;
            border-radius: 10px; /* Rounds corners */
        }
        p {
            background-color: white; /* Adds white background */
            border: 2px solid black; /* Adds black border */
            padding: 10px;
            display: inline-block; /* Adjusts width to content */
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to BIGCE!</h1>
    <p><strong>Student Name:</strong> John Doe</p>
    <p><strong>College Name:</strong> BIGCE</p>
    <p><strong>Department:</strong> Computer Engineering</p>
</body>
</html>

💡 What Changed?

Background color changed to light gray.
Heading has a yellow highlight with rounded corners.
Text boxes (paragraphs) have a white background with a black border.
Increased text size for better visibility.

📌 Part-5: Adding Fancy Font & Shadow ✨

👉 Concept Introduced: CSS font-family, text-shadow, box-shadow

Code Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Student Information</title>
    <style>
        body {
            text-align: center;
            background-color: lightgray;
            font-family: Arial, sans-serif; /* Changes font style */
        }
        h1 {
            text-shadow: 2px 2px 5px gray; /* Adds shadow to heading */
        }
        p {
            box-shadow: 4px 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); /* Adds shadow effect to text boxes */
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to BIGCE!</h1>
    <p><strong>Student Name:</strong> John Doe</p>
    <p><strong>College Name:</strong> BIGCE</p>
    <p><strong>Department:</strong> Computer Engineering</p>
</body>
</html>

💡 What Changed?

Applied a stylish font (font-family: Arial, sans-serif;).
Added a shadow effect to the heading (text-shadow).
Added a box shadow (box-shadow) to make text stand out.
Overall, a more modern and visually appealing webpage! 🎨✨

📢 Summary of the Steps:

Level-2 Part	New Concept Introduced
Part-1	Basic HTML (Black & White)
Part-2	Centering Text (`text-align: center;`)
Part-3	Adding Colors (`color` property)
Part-4	Background Color & Borders (`background-color`, `border`)
Part-5	Fancy Font & Shadow (`font-family`, `text-shadow`, `box-shadow`)

📌 Next- Part-6 to 10 Experiment List: Step-by-Step Learning

Difference Between HTML & CSS – Explained Simply! 😊

Imagine you are building a house 🏠.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is like the structure of the house (walls, doors, windows). It tells the browser what content should appear on the webpage.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is like the paint, decorations, and furniture 🛋️. It makes the webpage look attractive with colors, layouts, and styles.

📌 Simple Example to Understand HTML vs. CSS

1️⃣ Without CSS (Only HTML – Plain & Boring)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>My First Page</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
    <p>Hello! This is a simple webpage using only HTML.</p>
</body>
</html>

🔴 Output: The text will appear plain black, left-aligned, and without any styling.

2️⃣ With CSS (Styled & Beautiful)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>My First Styled Page</title>
    <style>
        body {
            background-color: lightblue;
            text-align: center;
        }
        h1 {
            color: darkblue;
            font-size: 36px;
        }
        p {
            color: darkgreen;
            font-size: 20px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
    <p>Hello! This webpage is now styled using CSS.</p>
</body>
</html>

🟢 Output:
✔ The background is light blue 🎨
✔ The heading is dark blue & bigger
✔ The paragraph text is green & larger

📊 HTML vs. CSS – Easy Table Comparison

Feature	HTML 🏗 (Structure)	CSS 🎨 (Style)
What it does	Defines content & structure	Adds design & style
Example Use	Adds text, images, links	Changes colors, fonts, alignment
Looks like?	Black & white, plain	Colorful, attractive
Analogy	Skeleton (bones) 🦴	Clothes & makeup 💄
Example Code	`<h1>Welcome</h1>`	`color: blue; font-size: 30px;`

📢 Key Takeaways:

✅ Use HTML to create content (headings, paragraphs, images).
✅ Use CSS to make it look nice (colors, spacing, layouts).
✅ HTML and CSS work together! You can’t have a stylish webpage without content, and a plain HTML page won’t look good without CSS.

Level-2 Part	Concept Introduced	New Elements Used
Part-1	Creating Your First Web Page	`<html>`, `<head>`, `<title>`, `<body>`
Part-2	Adding Headings, Paragraphs, and Line Breaks	`<h1> - <h6>`, `<p>`, `<br>`
Part-3	Using Lists in HTML	`<ul>`, `<ol>`, `<li>`
Part-4	Creating Hyperlinks	`<a href="">`
Part-5	Adding Images to a Web Page	`<img src="">`, `alt` attribute
Part-6	Creating Tables in HTML	`<table>`, `<tr>`, `<td>`, `<th>`
Part-7	Building Forms for User Input	`<form>`, `<input>`, `<label>`, `<button>`
Part-8	Creating a Multi-Page Website	Linking multiple HTML pages
Part-9	Using CSS to Style a Web Page	`color`, `font-family`, `background-color`, `padding`
Part-10	Creating a Simple Login Form	Combining HTML & CSS with `<form>`

📌 Part-6: Creating Tables in HTML (Structuring Tabular Data)

👉 Concept Introduced: Using <table>, <tr>, <th>, <td>

📌 Part-6: Creating Tables in HTML (Structuring Tabular Data)

What’s New in This Page?

A table is added to display student information in a structured format.
Borders and background colors are applied for better visibility.

Significance & Use:

✔ Helps to organize data in rows and columns. ✔ Useful for displaying student records, schedules, and structured data.

How to Remember?

📌 Think of a table like an Excel spreadsheet:

<table> → Creates a table.
<tr> → Defines a table row.
<th> → Defines table headings (bold by default).
<td> → Defines individual cells.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Student Information Table</title>
    <style>
        body {
            text-align: center;
        }
        table {
            width: 50%;
            margin: auto;
            border-collapse: collapse;
        }
        th, td {
            border: 2px solid black;
            padding: 10px;
            text-align: left;
        }
        th {
            background-color: lightgray;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Student Details</h1>
    <table>
        <tr>
            <th>Student Name</th>
            <th>College</th>
            <th>Department</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>John Doe</td>
            <td>BIGCE</td>
            <td>Computer Engineering</td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</body>
</html>

📌 Part-7: Building Forms for User Input

👉 Concept Introduced: Using <form>, <input>, <label>, <button>

What’s New in This Page?

A form is added for students to enter their details.
Text fields, email fields, and buttons are used.

Significance & Use:

✔ Forms are essential for user input and interactivity. ✔ Used in registration pages, contact forms, and login pages.

How to Remember?

📌 Think of a form as a physical application form:

<form> → Creates a form.
<input> → Accepts user input (text, email, password, etc.).
<label> → Labels the input fields.
<button> → Submits the form.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Student Registration Form</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Student Registration</h1>
    <form>
        <label for="name">Student Name:</label>
        <input type="text" id="name" name="name"><br><br>
        
        <label for="email">Email:</label>
        <input type="email" id="email" name="email"><br><br>
        
        <label for="college">College Name:</label>
        <input type="text" id="college" name="college" value="BIGCE"><br><br>
        
        <label for="department">Department:</label>
        <input type="text" id="department" name="department" value="Computer Engineering"><br><br>

        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

📌 Part-8: Creating a Multi-Page Website

👉 Concept Introduced: Linking multiple pages with <a>

What’s New in This Page?

Two HTML pages are linked using hyperlinks.
Navigation between pages is now possible.

Significance & Use:

✔ Essential for creating multi-page websites like blogs and portfolios.
✔ Helps in navigating between sections and pages easily.

How to Remember?

📌 Think of a website as a book:

Each page = one HTML file.
Navigation menu = Table of contents linking pages together using <a href="">.

Main Page (index.html)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Welcome to BIGCE</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to BIGCE</h1>
    <p>Click below to visit the student registration page.</p>
    <a href="register.html">Go to Registration</a>
</body>
</html>

Second Page (register.html)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Register</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Student Registration</h1>
    <p>Fill out the form and go back to the home page.</p>
    <a href="index.html">Back to Home</a>
</body>
</html>

📌 Part-9: Using CSS to Style a Web Page

👉 Concept Introduced: Basic CSS Styling

What’s New in This Page?

CSS is introduced to style the webpage.
Background color, font styles, and text alignment are added.

Significance & Use:

✔ CSS improves visual appeal and readability. ✔ Essential for designing modern, attractive web pages.

How to Remember?

📌 Think of CSS as makeup for a website:

color → Changes text color.
font-family → Changes font style.
background-color → Changes page background color.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Styled Page</title>
    <style>
        body {
            background-color: lightblue;
            text-align: center;
            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
        }
        h1 {
            color: darkblue;
        }
        p {
            font-size: 18px;
            color: black;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to BIGCE</h1>
    <p>This page is now styled with CSS.</p>
</body>
</html>

📌 Part-10: Creating a Simple Login Form

👉 Concept Introduced: Combining HTML & CSS

📌 Part-10: Creating a Simple Login Form

What’s New in This Page?

A login form is created using HTML and styled using CSS.
Username and password fields are added.
A box-shadow effect is applied.

Significance & Use:

✔ Used in authentication systems and user logins. ✔ Can be further expanded with JavaScript and backend logic.

How to Remember?

📌 Think of a login form as a key to a secure room:

Username = User’s ID.
Password = Secret key.
Submit button = Unlocks access.

htmlCopyEdit<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Login Page</title>
    <style>
        body {
            background-color: #f4f4f4;
            text-align: center;
            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
        }
        .login-container {
            background-color: white;
            width: 300px;
            padding: 20px;
            margin: auto;
            margin-top: 50px;
            border-radius: 10px;
            box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px gray;
        }
        input, button {
            width: 100%;
            padding: 10px;
            margin: 5px 0;
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
        }
        button {
            background-color: blue;
            color: white;
            border: none;
            cursor: pointer;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="login-container">
        <h2>Login</h2>
        <form>
            <input type="text" placeholder="Username" required><br>
            <input type="password" placeholder="Password" required><br>
            <button type="submit">Login</button>
        </form>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

📢 Summary of the Experiments:

Level-2 Part	Concept Introduced	New Elements Used
Part-1	Creating Your First Web Page	`<html>`, `<head>`, `<title>`, `<body>`
Part-2	Adding Headings, Paragraphs, and Line Breaks	`<h1> - <h6>`, `<p>`, `<br>`
Part-3	Using Lists in HTML	`<ul>`, `<ol>`, `<li>`
Part-4	Creating Hyperlinks	`<a href="">`
Part-5	Adding Images to a Web Page	`<img src="">`, `alt` attribute
Part-6	Creating Tables in HTML	`<table>`, `<tr>`, `<td>`, `<th>`
Part-7	Building Forms for User Input	`<form>`, `<input>`, `<label>`, `<button>`
Part-8	Creating a Multi-Page Website	Linking multiple HTML pages
Part-9	Using CSS to Style a Web Page	`color`, `font-family`, `background-color`, `padding`
Part-10	Creating a Simple Login Form	Combining HTML & CSS with `<form>`

Level-3 Code Example

The provided code belongs to Level-3 of learning Web Development, as it introduces JavaScript for interactivity.

📌 Why is it Level-3?

✔ JavaScript is introduced for dynamic user interaction.
✔ The prompt() function is used to take user input dynamically.
✔ DOM manipulation (document.getElementById().textContent) is used to update the web page.
✔ It builds on previous levels (HTML structure, CSS, and form handling) and adds logic.

Code Example:

You can copy and paste this into an online editor like CodePen or W3Schools TryIt Editor and run it.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Student Information</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to BIGCE!</h1>  <!-- Heading for college name -->
    
    <!-- Displaying student name -->
    <p><strong>Student Name:</strong> <span id="studentName">[Your Name]</span></p>
    
    <!-- Displaying college details -->
    <p><strong>College Name:</strong> BIGCE</p>
    <p><strong>Department:</strong> Computer Engineering</p>

    <script>
        // Prompt the student to enter their name
        let name = prompt("Enter your name:");
        
        // If a name is entered, display it; otherwise, show 'Unknown Student'
        if (name) {
            document.getElementById("studentName").textContent = name;
        } else {
            document.getElementById("studentName").textContent = "Unknown Student";
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

Explanation of the Code:

<h1> → Displays the college name (BIGCE).
<p> → Displays:
- Student Name (which will be entered by the user).
- College Name (BIGCE).
- Department (Computer Engineering).
JavaScript Section (<script>...</script>):
- prompt(): Asks the student to enter their name.
- document.getElementById("studentName").textContent = name;
  → Updates the webpage with the entered name.
- If no name is entered, it defaults to “Unknown Student”.

How It Works:

When you open the page, a popup box will ask for your name.
Once you enter the name and click OK, it will be displayed on the webpage.
If you leave it blank, it will show “Unknown Student” instead.

Expected Output (If the student enters “John Doe”):

Welcome to BIGCE!

Student Name: John Doe
College Name: BIGCE
Department: Computer Engineering

Viva questions for Practice

🔷 HTML Questions (10)

Q: What is HTML?
A: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and structure content on the web.
Q: What is the difference between <div> and <span>?
A: <div> is a block-level element, while <span> is inline. Use <div> for layout and <span> for styling inline text.
Q: What are semantic HTML elements?
A: Elements like <header>, <footer>, <article>, and <nav> that clearly describe their purpose.
Q: What is the purpose of the alt attribute in images?
A: It provides alternative text for screen readers and when the image cannot be displayed.
Q: Difference between id and class attributes?
A: id is unique and used once; class can be reused on multiple elements.
Q: What is the use of the <meta> tag?
A: It provides metadata such as charset, author, description, and viewport settings.
Q: How can you embed CSS in HTML?
A: Using inline (style attribute), internal (<style> tag), or external (linking .css file) methods.
Q: What is the role of the DOCTYPE declaration?
A: It defines the HTML version and helps browsers render the page correctly.
Q: What is the difference between <script> and <noscript>?
A: <script> runs JavaScript; <noscript> shows fallback content when JavaScript is disabled.
Q: Can HTML be case sensitive?
A: HTML is not case-sensitive, but XHTML is.
Q: What is CSS?
A: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and layout web pages.
Q: What are the different types of CSS?
A: Inline, Internal, and External.
Q: What is the Box Model in CSS?
A: The Box Model consists of content, padding, border, and margin.
Q: How is em different from rem in CSS?
A: em is relative to the parent font size, while rem is relative to the root (html) font size.
Q: What does z-index do?
A: It sets the stack order of elements. Higher values are shown in front of lower ones.
Q: What is the difference between relative, absolute, and fixed positioning?
A:
relative: relative to its normal position.
absolute: positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor.
fixed: relative to the viewport.
Q: What are pseudo-classes in CSS?
A: Special selectors like :hover, :first-child, used to style elements in specific states.
Q: What is specificity in CSS?
A: It determines which rule takes precedence based on the selector’s weight.
Q: What are media queries?
A: CSS rules that apply based on screen size or device type, used in responsive design.
Q: What’s the difference between visibility: hidden and display: none?
A: visibility: hidden hides the element but takes up space; display: none removes it from the layout.
Q: What is JavaScript?
A: A scripting language used to create dynamic and interactive content on web pages.
Q: What are variables in JavaScript?
A: Containers used to store data values, declared using var, let, or const.
Q: Difference between == and === in JavaScript?
A: == compares value with type coercion; === compares value and type strictly.
Q: What are functions in JavaScript?
A: Blocks of code designed to perform a particular task, executed when called.
Q: What are arrow functions?
A: A shorter syntax for writing functions:
const add = (a, b) => a + b;
Q: What is the DOM?
A: Document Object Model; it represents the structure of a webpage as a tree of objects.
Q: How can you select an element in JavaScript?
A: Using methods like getElementById, querySelector, or getElementsByClassName.
Q: What is an event listener?
A: A function that waits for a specific event (like click or submit) and executes code in response.
Q: What is NaN in JavaScript?
A: “Not a Number”, a value representing an invalid number result.
Q: What is the use of localStorage?
A: It stores data in the browser that persists even after page reloads, unlike sessionStorage.
Q: What is the difference between <section> and <article>?
A: <section> is a thematic grouping of content, while <article> is self-contained content like a blog post or news article.
Q: What is the use of the <iframe> tag?
A: It embeds another HTML document within the current one.
Q: Can you nest block-level elements inside inline elements?
A: No, it’s invalid HTML. Inline elements should not contain block-level elements.
Q: What is accessibility in HTML?
A: Designing web content usable by people with disabilities using tags like alt, aria-*, and proper semantics.
Q: What is the purpose of the <form> tag?
A: It collects user input and submits it to a server.
Q: What are void elements?
A: HTML elements that do not have closing tags, e.g., <br>, <img>, <hr>.
Q: What is the difference between <script src="..."> at the top and at the bottom of HTML?
A: Placing <script> at the bottom improves page load speed since HTML content loads first.
Q: What is the difference between inline, block, and inline-block display values?
A:
Q: How can you center a div?
A: Using margin: auto (horizontally) and flexbox or grid for full centering.
Q: What is specificity hierarchy in CSS selectors?
A: Inline styles > ID selectors > Class/attribute/pseudo-class > Element selectors.
Q: What is the difference between min-width, max-width, and width?
A:
width: sets exact width.
min-width: sets minimum allowed width.
max-width: sets maximum allowed width.
Q: What are transitions in CSS?
A: Smooth changes between property values (e.g., transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out).
Q: What is the difference between nth-child() and nth-of-type()?
A: nth-child() counts all children, nth-of-type() counts only elements of a given type.
Q: How can you make a website responsive?
A: Using media queries, flexible grids (CSS Grid/Flexbox), relative units (%, em, rem), and responsive images.
Q: What are JavaScript data types?
A: Primitive types: String, Number, Boolean, undefined, null, Symbol, BigInt. Non-primitive: Object, Array, Function.
Q: What is a callback function?
A: A function passed into another function to be executed later.
Q: What is the difference between let, const, and var?
A:
var: function-scoped, hoisted.
let: block-scoped, not hoisted.
const: block-scoped, cannot be reassigned.
Q: What are template literals?
A: Strings with embedded expressions using backticks and ${}.
Example: Hello, ${name}!
Q: What is event delegation in JavaScript?
A: A technique where a single event listener is added to a parent element to handle events from its children.
Q: What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous JavaScript?
A:
Synchronous: Code executes line by line.
Asynchronous: Code doesn’t wait, uses callbacks, Promises, or async/await for handling delayed operations like API calls.

📢 Next Steps (Level-4 and Beyond)

Next Levels Coming Soon– Stay tuned

✔ Event Handling → Buttons instead of prompt() for better user experience.
✔ Form Validations → Ensure correct input (like email format).
✔ Data Storage → Saving entered names using Local Storage or Databases.

Revised-Computer-Engg-Syllabus-wef-2021 (1) (1)Download

The Life Navigator

Full Stack Web Development: From Zero to Hero 🚀

“Code Your Future: Full Stack Web Development for Beginners 🎓”

Chapter-1 Web Development Fundamentals: Your First Step into the Digital World 🌍 🎉

Introduction: What is Web Development? 🤔

Why is Web Development Important?

Types of Web Development:

1. Overview of Web Design Concepts 🖥️

Key Points:

2. Web Project Management Fundamentals 📋

Steps for Project Management:

3. Web Site Development Process 🚀

4. HTML and the Evolution of Markup Languages 📄

Evolution of HTML:

5. HTML Basic Tags 🔖

6. Web Page Layout and Elements 🏗️

7. Creating Hyperlinks 🔗

8. Creating Tables 📊

9. Creating Web Forms 📝

10. Image Inserting Techniques 🖼️

11. Creating Frames 🖥️

12. GUI HTML Editors 🛠️

13. Site Content and Metadata 📜

HTML Basics: Comments, Text Formatting, and More! 😊

📌 1. How to Write Comments in HTML?

📌 2. Basic Text Formatting in HTML

📌 3. Text Formatting with Colors and Borders

Example: Applying Colors, Borders, and Center Alignment

📌 4. How to Add Colors in HTML?

Example: Different Color Methods

📌 5. Adding Borders to Elements

Example: Different Border Styles

📌 6. How to Center Text and Elements?

Example: Centering a Heading

📌 7. Adding Background Colors

Example: Background Colors

📢 Summary & Tips

First Experiment for Web Development Students 🎯

Experiment 1: Creating Your First Web Page! 🖥️

How to Check and Run HTML Programs Online

Using Online Code Editors ✍️

Steps to Run HTML Code Online

Using W3Schools TryIt Editor (Easiest for Beginners)

Using CodePen

Experiment List from Scratch 🛠️

Experiment 1: Creating Your First Web Page 🌐

Objective:

Level-1 Code Example:

Explanation of the Code:

Expected Output:

Hello, World!

Next Steps:

Level-2: Enhancing the Student Information Page 🚀

How to Use This Code

Explanation of the Code

Expected Output (After Editing the Name)

Welcome to BIGCE!

📌 Part-2: Centering the Text 🏛️

Code Example:

💡 What Changed?

📌 Part-3: Adding Colors to the Text 🎨

Code Example:

💡 What Changed?

📌 Part-4: Adding Background Color & Border 🎨🖼️

Code Example:

💡 What Changed?

📌 Part-5: Adding Fancy Font & Shadow ✨

Code Example:

💡 What Changed?

📢 Summary of the Steps:

📌 Next- Part-6 to 10 Experiment List: Step-by-Step Learning

Difference Between HTML & CSS – Explained Simply! 😊

📌 Simple Example to Understand HTML vs. CSS

1️⃣ Without CSS (Only HTML – Plain & Boring)

2️⃣ With CSS (Styled & Beautiful)

📊 HTML vs. CSS – Easy Table Comparison

📢 Key Takeaways:

📌 Part-6: Creating Tables in HTML (Structuring Tabular Data)

📌 Part-6: Creating Tables in HTML (Structuring Tabular Data)

What’s New in This Page?